This study has sought to describe the place of medicine in classification of sciences in order to show necessary method of attaining scientific degrees in different fields and the way of teaching. As is understood, medicine has always been regarded as a natural science in theoretical philosophy. Though theoretical medicine has been regarded as a ground for practical medicine, given lack of teaching practical medicine, theoretical medicine would be out of theoretical philosophy. The system of medical education, for its worldly essence, therefore, should be established on a religious base to prepare physician’s happiness for the hereafter and be kept against any distortion too.

Any attempt at planning the map of science in the Islamic Republic of Iran requires a return to Islamic principles in the realm of the classification of sciences, on the one hand, and the explanation of the philosophy of education and training on the basis of Islamic teachings, on the other. The present paper, following a comparative approach, aims at examining the views of two of the prominent figures in the field of the Transcendent Philosophy regarding the first issue.Mulla Sadra sees all types of sciences and teachings in a specific (religious and divine) network and system. Accordingly, he believes that otherworldly and divine sciences and theoretical wisdom are prior to worldly sciences and practical wisdom. Imam Khumayni's classification of sciences is based on his own specific philosophical anthropology. In his view, man generally possesses three modes, stations, or worlds, and all types of science return to these three worlds. In other words, there is a kind of knowledge related to intellectual perfections and spiritual duties, one pertaining to heart-related acts and its duties, and one related to bodily acts and the duties of the external aspect of the soul. According to Imam Khumayni, the other types of sciences are involved in one of these types.

Looking a glance at the history and benefits of classification of sciences, the present essay firstly explains the viewpoints of some eastern philosophers (al-Farabi, Sa'in ad-Din ibn Turkah, Mulla Hadi Sabzawari) as well as western philosophers (Auguste Comte, Francis Bacon, Andre Ampere), and then enumerates some distinguished characteristics of Avicenna's classification. In addition to the features such as rationality, totalizing induction, differentiation of types, universality and property, his classification enjoys special orderliness, normativity, and value-regarding, and also it can exhibit a clear approach to the philosophy of science.

Contemporary Iran has been changed fundamentally under the influence of encountering modernity, and the country's scientific institutions, under the influence of two centuries of translation and development of advanced scientific structures, have faced many challenges. sciences classification is one of the most basic and key challenges of the Iranian scientific system, which, despite its importance, has been remarkably neglected. Paying attention to the nature, reasons, contexts and background of solutions to face it, in this research, lays the foundations for adopting a strategic approach based on the potential of Islamic wisdom. Studying the history of Islamic civilization shows that the Islamic world (and Iran) has faced such a challenge in two periods. First, in the third and fourth centuries of Hijri (AH), when the Islamic world faced the translation movement of Greek and Indian sciences. Secondly, during the Safavid era, when the Shia government of Iran faced instability in science, as a result of years of domination by Ash'ari thought. In both periods, Muslim scholars and thinkers, especially Shia, played a key role in reforming and organizing sciences, managing the flow of knowledge and guiding changes in science. For this purpose, as strategists of Islamic civilization, they re-planned the classification of sciences and presented an internal model of it - An action that is called "teaching" and its key people are teachers. The characteristics of the Islamic revolution of Iran in the current era are more similar to the era of Farabi, the "second teacher", in the era of the translation movement and the era of Mir Damad, the "third teacher", in the era of the formation of the Shiite government and the beginning of the Shiite Islamic civilization. In this study, through historical, philosophical and social analysis method, the challenge of classification of sciences was examined and a strategic solution to face it, i.e. "re-education" has been introduced.

Aim: To make a novel Islamic civilization based on indigenous and Islamic knowledge, segmentation of science unlike the posterior view which has been done according to the method and the end of available science, should be done based on the prior view to its true and real teacher who is the God.so the goal of this study is presenting a prior plan for segmentation of sciences. Method: The current study was analytical descriptive and has been organized according to library rational analysis method. Results : The findings of study shows that deep thinking in areas of life for discovery, creation, changing, management, excellence and promotion of a pleasant meaningful life, leads us to a modern segmentation of sciences and our orientation as well. Conclusion: Due to the six goals of Quranic thought, a conceptual spiral model of knowledge according to divisions of sciences to detectable, productive, changeable, applicable and perfect model is being suggested. And also, its mediator model to make an executive structure of science production in three dimensions of think tank, library, and applicable sciences in successive generation of the novel Islamic civilization as well.

The division of sciences began with Aristotle's work in the world of knowledge, and today the classification of sciences is one of the most important topics in the philosophy of science. The division of sciences has always been of interest to scientists in the Islamic world. In the middle ages, the perspective of each science was clarified with other sciences, and the geometry of sciences in Islamic civilization was determined. Farabi is the founding philosopher in the precise classification of sciences, especially the minute sciences in the Islamic world. The second to the seventh centuries AH was the period of the flourishing of sciences in Islamic lands, as a result of which science or the technique of classifying sciences emerged and played an important role in the development of knowledge. The division of sciences in Islamic civilization has been linked to the administration and management of society. Minute sciences constitute a major part of knowledge and these sciences are somehow related to mathematics. Exact sciences are considered from two aspects: the role of these sciences in Islamic lands and the effects of Islamic teachings on exact sciences. In this research, the issue of minute sciences among Islamic thinkers up to the seventh century has been addressed and the theoretical foundations of its division have been addressed. The research method is library.

Introduction: According to International classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), children with Cerebral palsy may have considerable impairments and limitations in all levels of body structure and functioning, activity, and participation in social roles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adapted constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) on outcome measurements based on ICF levels.Materials and Methods: In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 28 participants who met preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups: CIMT and the controls. Subjects in CIMT group were provided with the intervention for 10 out of 12 consecutive days and another group received routine occupational therapy services. Independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test were used for statistical analysis of data.Results: At ICF level of body structure and function, significant differences in shoulder muscle tone and forearm and wrist passive range of motion (PROM) were found between the two studied groups. At activity and participation levels, similar differences were also indicated in dexterity, bilateral coordination, bimanual coordination and Caregiver Functional Use Survey (how well & how frequently) (P<0.05).Conclusion: Implementing the adapted constraint induced movement therapy protocol through a child friendly approach was proved to improve hand functions and activities of daily living.

The classification of sciences is a fundamental topic in epistemology and has a significant impact on determining the position, role, and function of each branch of knowledge. Considering the centrality of wisdom (ḥikmah) and Islamic law (shariʿah) in Islamic thought, the classification of sciences has sometimes been structured around these two principles. This paper investigates the relationship between philosophy and jurisprudence, or ḥikmah and shariʿah, as articulated in the classification systems of Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. It examines the foundations, implications, and consequences of their approaches within their respective philosophical frameworks. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology. The findings reveal that both philosophers acknowledge the compatibility of philosophy and religion, but their prioritizations differ. Al-Farabi prioritizes philosophy, placing jurisprudence and theology under practical wisdom, which is subordinate to theoretical wisdom. In contrast, Ibn Sina prioritizes religion, considering shariʿah as an independent science within practical wisdom, distinct from human sciences and with a divine origin. Ibn Sina views shariʿah as an independent science alongside political science, not as a branch of it. By granting shariʿah an independent identity, Ibn Sina lends it credibility and creates conditions for its potential substitution for practical wisdom in the trajectory of Islamic philosophy. He lays the groundwork for the two sciences of usul al-din (theology) and furuʿ al-din (jurisprudence). It appears that Ibn Sina perceives the realization of philosophy in the Islamic society of his time in the Islamization of philosophy and the validation of religious sciences. Therefore, compared to Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina is more concerned with the Islamization of philosophy and seeks to harmonize the philosophy of his predecessors with his own society.

Tooth loss is a kind of handicap and losing a number of teeth makes an individual susceptible to this disability. Having knowledge about the prevalence of partial tooth loss, provides us with a better understanding of social hygiene. On the other hand, having access to such an information, students can be led properly to treat more prevalent cases. The goal of this retrospective study is to investigate the frequency of partial prosthesis classifications, among patients, referred to Shiraz dental faculty. Sexuality, tooth loss classification and its reason and the presence of additional space were studied about all patients (371 females, 205 males) from (97-98) to the end of (99-2000).The results showed that females were more than males (64.4%), the lower jaw was treated more than the upper jaw (67.9%), dental caries were the most important reason for extraction (55.5%), class I among females (28.79%) and class II mod I among males (29.73%) had the most frequency, meaning that the most cases were free end, so more attention should be paid for the education of free end partial prosthesis, however, preventive steps should be taken to retain abutment teeth.